Sources!

Read here for studies, additional reading, and resources regarding the week’s lessons

Lesson 1:

  • The American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 21 (3), pp. 461-467, 1993. Injuries in Recreational Adult Fitness Activities,

  •  Sports Medicine Australia Sports Fact Sheets, Pediatrics. 1983 Nov;72(5):636-44. Medical history associated with adolescent powerlifting.

  • J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):672-81. Retrospective injury epidemiology of one hundred one competitive Oceania power lifters: the effects of age, body mass, competitive standard, and gender.

  • Sports Med. 1992 Nov;14(5):320-35. Running injuries. A review of the epidemiological literature

  • National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). 2005--2006 High School Athletics Participation Survey. Indianapolis, IN: NHFS; 2006. Available at http://www.nfhs.org/sports.aspx.

  • World Health Organization. Move for health: benefits of physical activity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006. Available at http://www.who.int/moveforhealth/advocacy/information_sheets/benefits/en/index.html.

  • CDC. Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people. MMWR 1997;46 (No. RR-6).

  • Gotsch K, Annest JL, Holmgreen P, Gilchrist J. Nonfatal sports- and recreation-related injuries treated in emergency departments---United States, July 2000--June 2001. MMWR 2002;51:736--40.

  • Conn JM, Annest JL, Gilchrist J. Sports and recreation-related injury episodes in the U.S. population, 1997--1999. Inj Prev 2003;9:117--23.

  • Powell JW, Barber-Foss KD. Injury patterns in selected high school sports: a review of the 1995--1997 seasons. J Athl Train 1999;34:277--84.

  • National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System. Available at http://www1.ncaa.org/membership/ed_outreach/health-safety/iss/index.html. Indianapolis, IN: NCAA; 2006.

  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 2006. Available at http://www.unc.edu/depts/nccsi.

  • National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA). Minimizing the risk of injury in high school athletics: guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Dallas, TX: NATA; 2002. Available at http://www.nata.org/publications/brochures/minimizingtherisks.htm.

  • CDC. Heads up: concussion in high school sports. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2005. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/coaches_tool_kit.htm.

  • Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007;42(2):311-319.

  • Herazo-Beltrán Y, Pinillos Y, Vidarte J, Crissien E, Suarez D, García R. Predictors of perceived barriers to physical activity in the general adult population: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017;21(1):44-50. doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2016.04.003

  • Sallis JF, Hovell MF. Determinants of exercise behavior. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 1990 Jan 1;18(1):307-30.

  •  Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR. Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Preventive medicine. 1992 Mar 1;21(2):237-51.

  •  Manaf H. Barriers to participation in physical activity and exercise among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Singapore Med J. 2013;54(10):581-6.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overcoming Barriers to Physical Activity. Physical Activity for Everyone. 22 May 2007.

  •  Manaf H. Barriers to participation in physical activity and exercise among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Singapore Med J. 2013;54(10):581-6.

Lesson 3:

  • Larsson C, Ekvall Hansson E, Sundquist K, Jakobsson U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:128. Published 2016 Jul 7. doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0302-6

  • Macías-Toronjo I, Rojas-Ocaña MJ, Sánchez-Ramos JL, García-Navarro EB (2020) Pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia and fear-avoidance in non-specific work-related low-back pain as predictors of sickness absence. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0242994. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242994

  • Luque-Suarez A, Martinez-Calderon J, Falla DRole of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic reviewBritish Journal of Sports Medicine 2019;53:554-559.

  • Hapidou, E. G., O'Brien, M. A., Pierrynowski, M. R., de Las Heras, E., Patel, M., & Patla, T. (2012). Fear and Avoidance of Movement in People with Chronic Pain: Psychometric Properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Physiother Can, 64(3), 235-241.

  • Lethem, J., Slade, P. D., Troup, J. D., & Bentley, G. (1983). Outline of a Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception--I. Behav Res Ther, 21(4), 401-408.

  • Lundberg, M., Larsson, M., Ostlund, H., & Styf, J. (2006). Kinesiophobia among patients with musculoskeletal pain in primary healthcare. J Rehabil Med, 38(1), 37-43.

  • Sullivan, M., Tanzer, M., Stanish, W., Fallaha, M., Keefe, F. J., Simmonds, M., & Dunbar, M. (2009). Psychological determinants of problematic outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty. Pain, 143(1-2), 123-129.

  • Svensson, G. L., Lundberg, M., Ostgaard, H. C., & Wendt, G. K. (2011). High degree of kinesiophobia after lumbar disc herniation surgery: a cross-sectional study of 84 patients. Acta Orthop, 82(6), 732-736.

  • Vlaeyen, J. W., Crombez, G., & Linton, S. J. (2016). The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain, 157(8), 1588-1589.

  • Stevans JM, Delitto A, Khoja SS, Patterson CG, Smith CN, Schneider MJ, Freburger JK, Greco CM, Freel JA, Sowa GA, Wasan AD, Brennan GP, Hunter SJ, Minick KI, Wegener ST, Ephraim PL, Friedman M, Beneciuk JM, George SZ, Saper RB. Risk Factors Associated With Transition From Acute to Chronic Low Back Pain in US Patients Seeking Primary Care. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e2037371. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37371. PMID: 33591367; PMCID: PMC7887659.

Lesson 4:

  • Hodges PW, Smeets RJ. Interaction between pain, movement, and physical activity: short-term benefits, long-term consequences, and targets for treatment. Clin J Pain. 2015 Feb;31(2):97-107

  • Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML, Maher CG, Refshauge KM, Latimer J, Adams RD. The therapeutic alliance between clinicians and patients predicts outcome in chronic low back pain. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):470-8

  • Davids K, Glazier P, Araújo D, Bartlett R. Movement systems as dynamical systems: the functional role of variability and its implications for sports medicine. Sports Med. 2003;33(4):245-60

  • Sullivan MJL, Thibault P, Savard A, Catchlove R, Kozey J, Stanish WD. The influence of communication goals and physical demands on different dimensions of pain behavior. Pain. 2006 Dec 5;125(3):270-277

  • Carvalho FA, Maher CG, Franco MR, Morelhão PK, Oliveira CB, Silva FG, Pinto RZ. Fear of Movement Is Not Associated With Objective and Subjective Physical Activity Levels in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Jan;98(1):96-104

  • Booth J, Moseley GL, Schiltenwolf M, Cashin A, Davies M, Hübscher M. Exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A biopsychosocial approach. Musculoskeletal Care. 2017 Dec;15(4):413-421

  • Smith BE, Hendrick P, Smith TO, Bateman M, Moffatt F, Rathleff MS, Selfe J, Logan P. Should exercises be painful in the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Dec;51(23):1679-1687

  • Jull G. Biopsychosocial model of disease: 40 years on. Which way is the pendulum swinging? Br J Sports Med. 2017 Aug;51(16):1187-1188

  • Cohen M, Quintner J, van Rysewyk S. Reconsidering the International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain. Pain Rep. 2018 Mar 5;3(2)

  • Ongaro G, Kaptchuk TJ. Symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain. Pain. 2019 Jan;160(1):1-4

Lesson 5:

  • Gerber, M. E. (1995). The E-myth revisited: why most small businesses don't work and what to do about it. New York, N.Y.: Collins Business.

  • McKee, R., & Gerace, T. (2018). Storynomics: Story-driven marketing in the post-advertising world.

  • Hsieh, T. (2013). Delivering happiness. Grand Central Publishing.

Lesson 7:

  • Kiely, John. (2012). Periodization Paradigms in the 21st Century: Evidence-Led or Tradition-Driven?. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 7. 242-50. 10.1123/ijspp.7.3.242. 

  • Barbosa-Netto S, d'Acelino-E-Porto OS, Almeida MB. Self-Selected Resistance Exercise Load: Implications for Research and Prescription. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Feb 1;35(Suppl 1):S166-S172. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002287. PMID: 29112055.

  • Bartorelli, S., Cadore, E. L., Izquierdo, M., Celes, R., Martorelli, A., Cleto, V. A., Alvarenga, J. G., & Bottaro, M. (2017). Strength training with repetitions to failure does not provide additional strength and muscle hypertrophy gains in young women. European Journal of Translational Myology, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2017.6339

  • Pinto, Ronei & Cadore, Eduardo & Correa, Cleiton & Silva, Bruna & Alberton, Cristine & Lima, Cláudia & Moraes, Antonio. (2013). Relationship between workload and neuromuscular activity in the bench press exercise. Medicina Sportiva. 17. 1-6. 10.5604/17342260.1041876. 

  • Davies T, Orr R, Halaki M, Hackett D. Effect of Training Leading to Repetition Failure on Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2016 Apr;46(4):487-502. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0451-3. Erratum in: Sports Med. 2016 Apr;46(4):605-10. PMID: 26666744.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec;31(12):3508-3523. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002200. PMID: 28834797.

  • Lasevicius T, Ugrinowitsch C, Schoenfeld BJ, Roschel H, Tavares LD, De Souza EO, Laurentino G, Tricoli V. Effects of different intensities of resistance training with equated volume load on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):772-780. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1450898. Epub 2018 Mar 22. PMID: 29564973.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2016 Nov;46(11):1689-1697. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0543-8. PMID: 27102172.

  • Ralston, G.W., Kilgore, L., Wyatt, F.B. et al. The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 47, 2585–2601 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0762-7

  • Nunes JP, Grgic J, Cunha PM, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, de Salles BF, Cyrino ES. What influence does resistance exercise order have on muscular strength gains and muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Feb;21(2):149-157. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1733672. Epub 2020 Feb 28. PMID: 32077380.

  • Scarpelli MC, Nóbrega SR, Santanielo N, Alvarez IF, Otoboni GB, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA. Muscle Hypertrophy Response Is Affected by Previous Resistance Training Volume in Trained Individuals. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003558. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32108724.

  • Sánchez-Moreno M, Cornejo-Daza PJ, González-Badillo JJ, Pareja-Blanco F. Effects of Velocity Loss During Body Mass Prone-Grip Pull-up Training on Strength and Endurance Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Apr;34(4):911-917. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003500. PMID: 32213783.

  • Lievens E, Klass M, Bex T, Derave W. Muscle fiber typology substantially influences time to recover from high-intensity exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2020 Mar 1;128(3):648-659. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00636.2019. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 31999527.

  • Simão, Roberto & Polito, Marcos & de Salles, Belmiro & Marinho, Daniel & Garrido, Nuno & Junior, Evaldo & Willardson, 

  • Jeffrey. (2020). Acute and Long-Term Comparison of Fixed vs. Self-Selected Rest Interval Between Sets on Upper-Body Strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Publish Ahead of Print. 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003606. 

  • Pinto, Ronei & Cadore, Eduardo & Correa, Cleiton & Silva, Bruna & Alberton, Cristine & Lima, Cláudia & Moraes, Antonio. (2013). Relationship between workload and neuromuscular activity in the bench press exercise. Medicina Sportiva. 17. 1-6. 10.5604/17342260.1041876. 

  • Bartholomew JB, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Elrod CC, Todd JS. Strength gains after resistance training: the effect of stressful, negative life events. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1215-21. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173d0bf. PMID: 18545186.

  • Ross, Ramzy & Gray, Cindy & Gill, Jason. (2014). The Effects of an Injected Placebo on Endurance Running Performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 47. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000584. 

  • Radaelli R, Fleck SJ, Leite T, Leite RD, Pinto RS, Fernandes L, Simão R. Dose-response of 1, 3, and 5 sets of resistance exercise on strength, local muscular endurance, and hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1349-58. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000758. PMID: 25546444.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Contreras B, Krieger J, et al. Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(1):94-103. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764

  • Lacerda LT, Marra-Lopes RO, Diniz RCR, Lima FV, Rodrigues SA, Martins-Costa HC, Bemben MG, Chagas MH. Is Performing Repetitions to Failure Less Important Than Volume for Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength? J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May;34(5):1237-1248. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003438. PMID: 31809457.

  • Simão R, Polito M, Freitas de Salles B, Marinho DA, Garrido ND, Junior ERTS, Willardson JM. Acute and Long-Term Comparison of Fixed vs. Self-Selected Rest Interval Between Sets on Upper-Body Strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Feb 1;36(2):540-544. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003606. PMID: 32826830.

  • Avelar A, Ribeiro AS, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Papst RR, Trindade MCC, Bottaro M, Cyrino ES. Effects of order of resistance training exercises on muscle hypertrophy in young adult men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 Apr;44(4):420-424. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0478. Epub 2018 Sep 24. PMID: 30248269.

  • Barbalho M, Coswig VS, Steele J, Fisher JP, Giessing J, Gentil P. Evidence of a Ceiling Effect for Training Volume in Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength in Trained Men - Less is More? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Feb 1;15(2):268-277. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0914. Epub 2019 Jun 12. Retraction in: Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Jun 3;15(6):914. PMID: 31188644

  • Taber et al. “Exercise-Induced Myofibrillar Hypertrophy is a Contributory Cause of Gains in Muscle Strength” Sports Med (2019) 49: 993.

  • Loenneke et al. “Exercise-Induced Changes in Muscle Size do not Contribute to Exercise-Induced Changes in Muscle Strength” Sports Med (2019) 49: 987.

  • Nóbrega et al. “Effect of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure vs. Volitional Interruption at High- and Low-Intensities on Muscle Mass and Strength.” J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Jan;32(1):162-169.

  • Lasevicius et al. “Effects of different intensities of resistance training with equated volume load on muscle strength and hypertrophy.” Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):772-780.

  • Schoenfeld et al. “How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency.” J Sports Sci. 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295.

  • McKendry et al. “Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-induced increases in myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling in young males.” Exp Physiol. 2016 Jul 1;101(7):866-82.

  • Schoenfeld et al. “Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.” J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12.

  • Schoenfeld et al. “Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” J Sports Sci. 2017 Jun;35(11):1073-1082.

  • Ralston et al. “The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysis.” Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) vol. 47,12 (2017): 2585-2601.

  • Steele et al. “Clarity in reporting terminology and definitions of set endpoints in resistance training” Muscle Nerve. 2017 Sep;56(3):368-374.\

  • Barbalho et al. “Evidence for an Upper Threshold for Resistance Training Volume in Trained Women.” Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Mar;51(3):515-522.

  • Martorelli et al. “Strength Training with Repetitions to Failure does not Provide Additional Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy Gains in Young Women.” Eur J Transl Myol. 2017 Jun 27;27(2):6339.

  • Pareja-Blanco et al. “Time Course of Recovery From Resistance Exercise With Different Set Configurations.” J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Jul 20.

  • Morán-Navarro et al. “Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure.” Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017 Dec;117(12):2387-2399.

  • Ogasawara et al. “Relationship between exercise volume and muscle protein synthesis in a rat model of resistance exercise.” J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Oct 1;123(4):710-716.

  • Damas et al. “Resistance training-induced changes in integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis are related to hypertrophy only after attenuation of muscle damage.” J Physiol. 2016 Sep 15;594(18):5209-22.

  • Brook et al. “Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling.” FASEB J. 2015 Nov;29(11):4485-96.

  • Damas et al. “A review of resistance training-induced changes in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and their contribution to hypertrophy.” Sports Med. 2015 Jun;45(6):801-7.

  • Moore et al. “Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):161-8.

  • Witard et al. “Myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis rates subsequent to a meal in response to increasing doses of whey protein at rest and after resistance exercise.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jan;99(1):86-95. 

  • Moore et al. “Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men.” J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015 Jan;70(1):57-62.

  • Radaelli et al. “Dose-response of 1, 3, and 5 sets of resistance exercise on strength, local muscular endurance, and hypertrophy.” J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1349-58.

  • Schoenfeld et al. “Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men.” Med Sci Sports Exerc. vol. 51,1 (2019): 94-103.

  • Paulsen et al. “The influence of volume of exercise on early adaptations to strength training.” J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Feb;17(1):115-20.

  • Baker et al. “Strength and Body Composition Changes in Recreationally Strength-Trained Individuals: Comparison of One versus Three Sets Resistance-Training Programmes” BioMed research international vol. 2013 (2013): 615901.

  • Rønnestad et al. “Dissimilar effects of one- and three-set strength training on strength and muscle mass gains in upper and lower body in untrained subjects.” J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):157-63.

  • Ostrowski et al. “The effect of weight training volume on hormonal output and muscular size and function”. J Strength Cond Res. 1997;11(1):148-154.

  • Heaselgrave et al. “Dose-Response Relationship of Weekly Resistance-Training Volume and Frequency on Muscular Adaptations in Trained Men.” Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Mar 1;14(3):360-368.

  • Schoenfeld et al. “Differential Effects of Heavy Versus Moderate Loads on Measures of Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men” J Sports Sci Med. 2016 Dec 1;15(4):715-722.

  • Baz-Valle. “Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review.” J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Jul 30.

  • Nuckols. “Training Frequency for Strength Development: What the Data Say.” Retrieved from: https://www.strongerbyscience.com/training-frequency/

  • Vigotsky et al. “Methods matter: the relationship between strength and hypertrophy depends on methods of measurement and analysis” PeerJ. 2018 Jun 27;6:e5071.

  • Haun et al. “A Critical Evaluation of the Biological Construct Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Size Matters but So Does the Measurement” Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 12;10:247.

  • Damas et al. “Individual Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Responses to High vs. Low Resistance Training Frequencies.” J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Apr;33(4):897-901.

Lesson 2:

  • CUSIMANO, C. O. R. E. Y. (n.d.). Defending epistemic responsibility - boston university. Boston University. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.bu.edu/arche/5/cusimano.pdf 

  • Code, Lorraine (1987). _Epistemic Responsibility_. Published for Brown University Press by University Press of New England.

  • Singal AG, Higgins PD, Waljee AK. A primer on effectiveness and efficacy trials. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2014;5(1):e45. Published 2014 Jan 2. doi:10.1038/ctg.2013.13

  • Burches E, Burches M (2020) Efficacy, Effectiveness and Efficiency in the Health Care: The Need for an Agreement to Clarify its Meaning. Int Arch Public Health Community Med 4:035. doi.org/10.23937/2643-4512/1710035

  • Cochrane AL (1972) Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London.

  • Anglemyer A, Horvath HT, Bero L (2014) Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014: MR000034.

  • Benson K, Hartz AJ (2000) A Comparison of Observational Studies and Randomized, Controlled Trials. N Engl J Med 342: 1878-1886.

  • Treweek S, Zwarenstein M (2009) Making trials matter: Pragmatic and explanatory trials and the problem of applicability. Trials 10: 37.

  • Revicki DA, Frank L (1999) Pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the real world. Efectiveness versus efficay studies. Pharmacoeconomics 15: 423-434.

  • Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gary JAM, Haynes RB, Richardson WS (1996) Evidence based medicine: What is it and what it isn't. BMJ 312: 71-72.

  • Harbour R, Miller J (2001) A new system for grading recommendations in evidence-based guidelines. BMJ 323: 334-336.

  • Nisbett R., Wilson T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes. Psychol. Rev. 84, 231–259. 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231

  • Bernecker S. A Causal Theory of Mnemonic Confabulation. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1207. Published 2017 Jul 18. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01207

  • Sophie Keeling (2018) Confabulation and rational obligations for self-knowledge, Philosophical Psychology, 31:8, 1215-1238, DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2018.1484086

  • Wheatley, Thalia. (2009). Everyday confabulation. Confabulation: Views from Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Psychology and Philosophy. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208913.003.10. 

  • Sliwinski J, Elkins GR. Enhancing placebo effects: insights from social psychology. Am J Clin Hypn. 2013;55(3):236-248. doi:10.1080/00029157.2012.740434

  • Montgomery GH, Kirsch I. Classical conditioning and the placebo effect. Pain. 1997 Aug;72(1-2):107-13. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00016-x. PMID: 9272794.

  • Miller FG, Kaptchuk TJ. The power of context: reconceptualizing the placebo effect. J R Soc Med. 2008;101(5):222-225. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.070466

  • Miller FG, Rosenstein DL. The nature and power of the placebo effect. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:331

  • Kaptchuk T, Stason W, Davis R, Legedza A, Schnyer R, Kerr C, Goldman R. Sham device v inert pill: randomised controlled trial of two placebo treatments. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2006;332:391–397

  • Kirsch I. Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior. American Psychologist. 1985;40:1189–1202

  • Reno RR, Cialdini RB, Kallgren CA. The transsituational influence of social norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993;64:104–112

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). Movement idealism in the fitness industry. Resilient Training Lab. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/movement-idealism-in-the-fitness-industry 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 416–436). Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n21

  • Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Neiva HP, et al. The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Dec 19.

  • Martella, Riekki T F Front. Psychol., 10 July 2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01157

  • Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., and Duffy, R. D. (2016). Self-determination and meaningful work: exploring socioeconomic constraints. Front. Psychol. 7:71. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00071

  • Allan, B. A., Duffy, R. D., and Collisson, B. (2017). Helping others increases meaningful work: evidence from three experiments. J. Couns. Psychol. 65, 155–165. doi: 10.1037/cou0000228

  • Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., and Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: a self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 84, 97–110. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97

  • Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Deeder, J., et al. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motiv. Emot. 39, 216–236. doi: 10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1

  • Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Locke, K. D., Zhang, H., Shen, J., de Jesús Vargas-Flores, J., et al. (2013). Need satisfaction and well-being: testing self-determination theory in eight cultures. J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 44, 507–534. doi: 10.1177/0022022112466590

  • Deci, E. L., and Flaste, R. (1995). Why We Do What We Do: The Dynamics of Personal Autonomy. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

  • Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., and Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: the state of a science. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 4, 19–43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

  • Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (2000). The“ what” and“ why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol. Inq. 11, 227–268. doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

  • Pink, D. H. (2010). Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Edinburgh: Canongate.

  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., and Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 26, 419–435. doi: 10.1177/0146167200266002

  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am. Psychol. 55, 68–78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.6

  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. New York, NY: Guilford Press

  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 57, 1069–1081. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.503835

  • Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C.-H., and Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. J. Manag. 42, 1195–1229. doi: 10.1177/0149206316632058

  • Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., and Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: the role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Work Stress 22, 277–294. doi: 10.1080/02678370802393672

  • Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Witte, H., Soenens, B., and Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. J. Occupat. Organ. Psychol. 83, 981–1002. doi: 10.1348/096317909X481382

  • Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2012). “Motivation, meaning, and wellness: a self-determination perspective on the creation and internalization of personal meanings and life goals,” in The Human Quest for Meaning: Theories, Research, and Applications, 2nd Edn, ed. P. T. P. Wong (New York, NY: Routledge), 81–106.

Lesson 6:

  • To Flex or Not to Flex? Is There a Relationship Between Lumbar Spine Flexion During Lifting and Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis by O’Sullivan et al

  • Kettlebell swing, snatch and bottoms-up carry: back and hip muscle activation, motion, and low back loads by McGill et al. 

  • Trunk Muscles and Lumbar Ligament Contributions to Dynamic Lifts with Varying Degrees of Trunk Flexion by J R Potvin et al.

  • Variability of lumbar spinal alignment among power and weightlifters during the deadlift and barbell back squat·

  • Inter- and intra-individual variability in the kinematics of the back squat by Kristiansen et al. 2019.

  • The Effect of Set Up Position on EMG Amplitude, Lumbar Spine Kinetics, and Total Force Output during Maximal Isometric Conventional-Stance Deadlifts. Edington et al. (2018)

  • Ali SHS, Ndubisi NO. The effects of respect and rapport on relationship quality perception of customers of small healthcare firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. 2011; 23(2). https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13555851111120452/full/html.

  • English W and colleagues. The meaning of rapport for patients, families, and healthcare professionals: A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling. 2022; 105(1), 2-14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738399121004018.

  • Sizer Jr. PS and colleagues. Medical Screening for Red Flags in the Diagnosis and Management of Musculoskeletal Spine Pain. PAIN Practice. 2007; 7(1), 53-71. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00112.x

  • Ross MD, and Boissonnault WG. Red flags: to screen or not to screen?. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 40. 2010; 40(11), 682-684. https://www.jospt.org/doi/full/10.2519/jospt.2010.0109

  • Wadsworth CT and colleagues. Intrarater Reliability of Manual Muscle Testing and Hand-held Dynametric Muscle Testing. Physical Therapy, 1987; 67(9), 1342–1347, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.9.1342

  • Abernethy PJ and JürimäeJ. Cross-sectional and longitudinal uses of isoinertial, isometric, and isokinetic dynamometry. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1996; 28(9), 1180-1187.

  • Barsky AJ. The iatrogenic potential of the physician’s words. Jama. 1. 2017; 318(24), 2425-2426. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2661032

  • Vermeir, P et al. Communication in healthcare: a narrative review of the literature and practical recommendations. International journal of clinical practice. 2015; 69(11), 1257-1267. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijcp.12686

Lesson 8 and 9:

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). The Ins and Outs of RPE Part 1 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/the-ins-and-outs-of-rpe-part-1-why-rpe

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). The Ins and Outs of RPE Part 2 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/the-ins-and-outs-of-rpe-part-2-putting-rpe-to-use

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). The Ins and Outs of RPE Part 3 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/the-ins-and-outs-of-rpe-part-3-common-misconceptions-and-downfalls

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). The Ins and Outs of RPE Part 4 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/the-ins-and-outs-of-rpe-part-4-heavy-singles

  • Kalkowski, R (2020, August 20).Acute Programming Variables Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/acute-programming-variables

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). Training Load Part 1 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/training-load

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). Training Load Part 2 Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/training-load-2

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). Training Load Part 3 Retrieved April 27, 2022, fromhttps://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/training-load-3

  • Isretal, M. (2020, August 20). Hypertrophy Training Guide Retrieved April 27, 2022, fromhttps://renaissanceperiodization.com/hypertrophy-training-guide-central-hub/

  • Isretal, M. (2020, August 20). Training Volume Landmarks Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://renaissanceperiodization.com/training-volume-landmarks-muscle-growth/

  • Milano, P. (2020, August 20). Daily Minimimum Retrieved April 27, 2022, fromhttps://www.resilienttraininglab.com/blog/daily-minimum

  • Kristiansen M, Rasmussen GHF, Sloth ME, Voigt M. Inter- and intra-individual variability in the kinematics of the back squat. Hum Mov Sci. 2019 Oct;67:102510. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102510. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31442623.

  • Impellizzeri, Franco & Woodcock, Stephen & Mccall, Alan & Ward, Patrick & Coutts, Aaron. (2019). The acute-chronic workload ratio-injury figure and its ‘sweet spot’ are flawed. 10.31236/osf.io/gs8yu. 

  • Simão R, Lemos A, Salles B, Leite T, Oliveira É, Rhea M, Reis VM. The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1333-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da85bf. PMID: 21386731.

  • Graham T, Cleather DJ. Autoregulation by "Repetitions in Reserve" Leads to Greater Improvements in Strength Over a 12-Week Training Program Than Fixed Loading. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Sep 1;35(9):2451-2456. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003164. PMID: 31009432.

  • Helms ER, Byrnes RK, Cooke DM, et al. RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions. Front Physiol. 2018;9:247. Published 2018 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00247

  • Zourdos MC, Klemp A, Dolan C, Quiles JM, Schau KA, Jo E, Helms E, Esgro B, Duncan S, Garcia Merino S, Blanco R. Novel Resistance Training-Specific Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale Measuring Repetitions in Reserve. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Jan;30(1):267-75. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001049. PMID: 26049792.

  • Ormsbee MJ, Carzoli JP, Klemp A, Allman BR, Zourdos MC, Kim JS, Panton LB. Efficacy of the Repetitions in Reserve-Based Rating of Perceived Exertion for the Bench Press in Experienced and Novice Benchers. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Feb;33(2):337-345. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001901. PMID: 28301439.

  • Helms ER, Brown SR, Cross MR, Storey A, Cronin J, Zourdos MC. Self-Rated Accuracy of Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Load Prescription in Powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):2938-2943. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002097. PMID: 28933716.

  • Hackett DA, Johnson NA, Halaki M, Chow CM. A novel scale to assess resistance-exercise effort. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(13):1405-13. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.710757. Epub 2012 Aug 9. PMID: 22873691.

  • Hackett DA, Cobley SP, Davies TB, Michael SW, Halaki M. Accuracy in Estimating Repetitions to Failure During Resistance Exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):2162-2168. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001683. PMID: 27787474.

  • Hackett DA, Cobley SP, Halaki M. Estimation of Repetitions to Failure for Monitoring Resistance Exercise Intensity: Building a Case for Application. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 May;32(5):1352-1359. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002419. PMID: 29337829.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec;31(12):3508-3523. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002200. PMID: 28834797.

  • Lasevicius T, Ugrinowitsch C, Schoenfeld BJ, Roschel H, Tavares LD, De Souza EO, Laurentino G, Tricoli V. Effects of different intensities of resistance training with equated volume load on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):772-780. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1450898. Epub 2018 Mar 22. PMID: 29564973.

  • Gabbett TJ. The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? Br J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;50(5):273-80. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788. Epub 2016 Jan 12. PMID: 26758673; PMCID: PMC4789704.

  • Nassis GP, Gabbett TJ. Is workload associated with injuries and performance in elite football? A call for action. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Mar;51(6):486-487. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095988. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PMID: 26941279.

  • Windt J, Gabbett TJThe workload—injury aetiology modelBritish Journal of Sports Medicine 2017;51:1559.

  • Balshaw TG, Massey GJ, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Lanza MB, Folland JP. Neural adaptations after 4 years vs 12 weeks of resistance training vs untrained. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Mar;29(3):348-359. doi: 10.1111/sms.13331. Epub 2018 Dec 9. PMID: 30387185.

  • Machek SB, Hwang PS, Cardaci TD, Wilburn DT, Bagley JR, Blake DT, Galpin AJ, Willoughby DS. Myosin Heavy Chain Composition, Creatine Analogues, and the Relationship of Muscle Creatine Content and Fast-Twitch Proportion to Wilks Coefficient in Powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Nov;34(11):3022-3030. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003804. PMID: 33105350.

  • Shattock K, Tee JC. Autoregulation in Resistance Training: A Comparison of Subjective Versus Objective Methods. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Mar 1;36(3):641-648. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003530. PMID: 32058357.

  • Dorrell HF, Smith MF, Gee TI. Comparison of Velocity-Based and Traditional Percentage-Based Loading Methods on Maximal Strength and Power Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jan;34(1):46-53. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003089. PMID: 30946276.

  • Banyard HG, Tufano JJ, Weakley JJS, Wu S, Jukic I, Nosaka K. Superior Changes in Jump, Sprint, and Change-of-Direction Performance but Not Maximal Strength Following 6 Weeks of Velocity-Based Training Compared With 1-Repetition-Maximum Percentage-Based Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Sep 1;16(2):232-242. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0999. PMID: 32871553.

  • Mansfield SK, Peiffer JJ, Hughes LJ, Scott BR. Estimating Repetitions in Reserve for Resistance Exercise: An Analysis of Factors Which Impact on Prediction Accuracy. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Aug 31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003779. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32881842.

  • Travis SK, Mizuguchi S, Stone MH, Sands WA, Bazyler CD. Preparing for a National Weightlifting Championship: A Case Series. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):1842-1850. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003312. PMID: 31373973.

  • Brandão L, de Salles Painelli V, Lasevicius T, Silva-Batista C, Brendon H, Schoenfeld BJ, Aihara AY, Cardoso FN, de Almeida Peres B, Teixeira EL. Varying the Order of Combinations of Single- and Multi-Joint Exercises Differentially Affects Resistance Training Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May;34(5):1254-1263. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003550. PMID: 32149887.

  • Brigatto FA, Lima LEM, Germano MD, Aoki MS, Braz TV, Lopes CR. High Resistance-Training Volume Enhances Muscle Thickness in Resistance-Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Jan 1;36(1):22-30. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003413. PMID: 31868813.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J. Effects of range of motion on muscle development during resistance training interventions: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jan 21;8:2050312120901559. doi: 10.1177/2050312120901559. PMID: 32030125; PMCID: PMC6977096.

  • Stefanaki DGA, Dzulkarnain A, Gray SR. Comparing the effects of low and high load resistance exercise to failure on adaptive responses to resistance exercise in young women. J Sports Sci. 2019 Jun;37(12):1375-1380. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1559536. Epub 2019 Jan 16. PMID: 30646835.

  • Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency. J Sports Sci. 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30558493.

  • Scarpelli MC, Nóbrega SR, Santanielo N, Alvarez IF, Otoboni GB, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA. Muscle Hypertrophy Response Is Affected by Previous Resistance Training Volume in Trained Individuals. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003558. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32108724.

  • Carroll KM, Bazyler CD, Bernards JR, Taber CB, Stuart CA, DeWeese BH, Sato K, Stone MH. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Adaptations Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums or Relative Intensity. Sports (Basel). 2019 Jul 11;7(7):169. doi: 10.3390/sports7070169. PMID: 31373325; PMCID: PMC6680702.

  • Santos WDND, Vieira CA, Bottaro M, Nunes VA, Ramirez-Campillo R, Steele J, Fisher JP, Gentil P. Resistance Training Performed to Failure or Not to Failure Results in Similar Total Volume, but With Different Fatigue and Discomfort Levels. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 May 1;35(5):1372-1379. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002915. PMID: 30615007.

Lesson 10:

  • Rio E , Kidgell D , Purdam C , et al . Isometric exercise induces analgesia and reduces inhibition in patellar tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:1277–83.doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094386

  • Rio E , van Ark M , Docking S , et al . Isometric contractions are more analgesic than isotonic contractions for patellar tendon pain: an In-Season randomized clinical trial. Clin J Sport Med 2017;27:253–9.doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000364

  • O'Neill S , Radia J , Bird K , et al . Acute sensory and motor response to 45-S heavy isometric holds for the plantar flexors in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018. doi:10.1007/s00167-018-5050-z

  • Beyer, R et al. Heavy slow resistance versus eccentric training as treatment for Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of sports medicine. 2015; 43(7), 1704-1711. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0363546515584760

  • Lim HY, Wong SH. Effects of isometric, eccentric, or heavy slow resistance exercises on pain and function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy: A systematic review. Physiotherapy Research International. 2018; 23(4), 1721. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pri.1721